Business Dinners: Key Etiquette Practices in France, China, and the Arab World

Welcome to my exploration of business dining etiquette across cultures! As someone with a passion for cultural nuances and a background in international business, I’ve always been fascinated by the local customs that shape our professional relationships. Today, we're diving into the art of business meals in France, China, and the Arab world—because a meal is so much more than food on the table; it’s a chance to connect, make a great impression, and build strong business relationships.

French Business Dining Etiquette

Ah, the French! Known for their fine wine, fashion, and, of course, their “je ne sais quoi” attitude. As a proud Frenchwoman (and yes, a little bit chauvinistic about it), I’m excited to share the secrets of business dining etiquette that will make you feel like a true French maître de table. Business meals in France, like in many European countries, are an art form. So let’s dive into the customs that turn a simple meal into an opportunity to connect and leave a lasting impression.

Posture at the Table:

In France, elegance begins with posture. Keep your hands visible, placed on the table, without resting your elbows. The French place great importance on how you carry yourself during a meal, as it reflects your education and manners.

Cutlery and Its Use:

The French are meticulous when it comes to cutlery. When not using them, it’s polite to rest your knife and fork on the edge of the plate, never on the table. And a little tip: when eating salad, forget the knife! Use your fork to roll up the leaves into a neat little bundle.

The formal place setting is used at home for a meal of more than three courses, such as a dinner party or a holiday meal.

Bread:

Bread is the faithful companion of every French meal, but it’s not to be used for scooping up leftovers! Bread is eaten in small pieces and should not be placed on your plate. It should remain discreet, either on the table or in a basket. It’s a small detail that shows you know what’s proper (and what’s not).

Drinks and Wine:

In France, when it’s time to toast, wait for the host to lead a toast and say tchin (pronounced ‘cheen’), which is equivalent to saying 'cheers' in English. During the toast, make sure to make eye contact with the person you’re toasting and raise your glass slightly. Simple, yet it shows you’re in tune with the moment.

Chinese Business Dining Etiquette

China places great emphasis on respect and hierarchy, both in and outside the workplace. Business dinners are no exception. Here are key customs :

Seating Arrangements:

The most honored guest is typically seated facing the entrance or in the center seat of the table. This is usually the guest of honor, highest-ranking individual, or key decision-maker. It's respectful to wait for seating instructions from the host before taking a seat.

Toasts and Drinks:

Toasting is an important part of Chinese dining, especially for business. The host will often initiate the first toast to welcome the guests, and guests are expected to reciprocate with their own toasts throughout the meal. When the toast is made, hold your glass with both hands, and if clinking glasses, make an effort to hold your glass slightly lower than the person you’re toasting to show respect, especially if they are of higher status.

Serving and Pouring:

If you're seated near the tea pot or bottle, it's courteous to pour for others before yourself. This small gesture shows humility and respect for the group. When someone pours tea or a drink for you, it’s customary to tap the table lightly with two fingers as a gesture of thanks.

Pace of Eating:

The meal usually consists of several dishes served family-style, which are shared by everyone at the table. It’s polite to try a little bit of each dish but avoid finishing the last bite, as this can imply that you weren't given enough to eat. Instead, leaving a small portion on your plate shows that you are satisfied and were treated generously.

Chopstick Etiquette:

Chopstick customs are essential. Avoid sticking your chopsticks upright in a bowl of rice, as this resembles incense used in funerary practices and is considered bad luck. Similarly, don’t point with chopsticks or tap them on your bowl, as this can come across as disrespectful or impolite.

Gift-Giving:

While not always expected, bringing a gift for the host or key stakeholders can make a positive impression. Common choices include tea, fine wine, or high-quality fruit, but avoid clocks, white or black wrapping paper, and sharp objects, as these have negative connotations in Chinese culture.

Expressing Appreciation:

At the end of the meal, thanking the host personally is essential. Showing genuine appreciation for the meal, the company, and the opportunity to connect demonstrates your respect and interest in building a long-term business relationship.

Arab Business Dining Etiquette

When attending a business dinner in Arab countries, etiquette and cultural customs are key to building strong relationships. Here are some important aspects to consider:

Greetings and Introductions

Greetings are essential and often mark the start of a business meal. A firm handshake and welcoming words are customary, though it’s polite to wait for your host to initiate the contact, especially when a man is greeting a woman. It’s also common to inquire briefly about one’s health and family before starting any business conversation, as this helps create a warm, friendly atmosphere.

Respect for Religious Traditions

Respect for religious and cultural practices is fundamental. For instance, in many Arab countries, business meals do not include alcohol, particularly in formal or business settings. Pork is also avoided, and dishes are often prepared according to halal standards. Be mindful of prayer times, as some attendees may leave briefly if the meal coincides with a time for prayer.

Accepting and Sharing Food

Arab hospitality is often expressed through a generous spread of food. It’s polite to accept what is offered and try each dish, showing appreciation for each one. Avoid declining food, as this may come across as impolite. Additionally, it’s customary to eat with your right hand, as the left hand is generally considered impure or inappropriate, even if utensils are provided.

Starting and Ending the Meal

Wait for your host to start eating before you begin. It’s also polite not to stand up immediately after finishing, as it can appear rushed. Meals are generally seen as a time to relax and converse, so take your time and enjoy the meal.

Business Conversations

In Arab culture, meals are often more about establishing personal connections than discussing immediate business matters. Avoid diving straight into business topics; instead, these discussions will arise naturally when your host deems it appropriate. The meal is seen as an opportunity to build trust.

Attire and Behavior

Dress conservatively and elegantly, especially if invited to a private setting. It’s also courteous to avoid very expressive displays, such as loud laughter or excessive gestures, to maintain the atmosphere of restraint and respect.

Mint Tea and Departure

Mint tea, a traditional drink, is commonly served at the end of the meal, especially in North African countries. In the Gulf region, however, Arabic coffee with cardamom (qahwa) is typically offered. Accepting a small cup is a gracious gesture, as declining can sometimes be seen as impolite. When you’re ready to leave, wait for a signal from your host or be discreet when indicating your departure to avoid disrupting the friendly environment.

Conclusion

In summary, a business dinner in an Arab country is primarily a moment to strengthen personal bonds. By respecting these customs and being mindful of local traditions, you’ll convey respect for your hosts and increase your chances of building a trusting relationship. Similarly, understanding Chinese dining customs will help create a lasting impression that goes beyond the meal itself, reinforcing your professionalism and cultural awareness. When dining in any business setting, being respectful, considerate, and open to learning will always be the key to a successful partnership.